Publications

2022

1. SIGGRAPH ASIA 2022

   

   An Implicit Parametric Morphable Dental Model

   Congyi Zhang, Mohamed Elgharib, Gereon Fox, Min Gu, Christian Theobalt, and Wenping Wang

   ACM Trans. Graph., 2022

   Abs Paper Project Code

   3D Morphable models of the human body capture variations among subjects and are useful in reconstruction and editing applications. Current dental models use an explicit mesh scene representation and model only the teeth, ignoring the gum. In this work, we present the first parametric 3D morphable dental model for both teeth and gum. Our model uses an implicit scene representation and is learned from rigidly aligned scans. It is based on a component-wise representation for each tooth and the gum, together with a learnable latent code for each of such components. It also learns a template shape thus enabling several applications such as segmentation, interpolation and tooth replacement. Our reconstruction quality is on par with the most advanced global implicit representations while enabling novel applications.

2. TVCG

   

   CreatureShop: Interactive 3D Character Modeling and Texturing from a Single Color Drawing

   Congyi Zhang, Lei Yang, Nenglun Chen, Nicholas Vining, Alla Sheffer, Francis C.M. Lau, Guoping Wang, and Wenping Wang

   IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2022

   Abs Paper Project

   Creating 3D shapes from 2D drawings is an important problem with applications in content creation for computer animation and virtual reality. We introduce a new sketch-based system, \em CreatureShop, that enables amateurs to create high-quality textured 3D character models from 2D drawings with ease and efficiency. CreatureShop takes an input bitmap drawing of a character (such as an animal or other creature), depicted from an arbitrary descriptive pose and viewpoint, and creates a 3D shape with plausible geometric details and textures from a small number of user annotations on the 2D drawing. Our key contributions are a novel oblique view modeling method, a set of systematic approaches for producing plausible textures on the invisible or occluded parts of the 3D character (as viewed from the direction of the input drawing), and a user-friendly interactive system. We validate our system and methods by creating numerous 3D characters from various drawings, and compare our results with related works to show the advantages of our method. We perform a user study to evaluate the usability of our system, which demonstrates that our system is a practical and efficient approach to create fully-textured 3D character models for novice users.

2021

1. CHI 2021

   

   HandPainter - 3D Sketching in VR with Hand-Based Physical Proxy

   Ying Jiang,  Congyi Zhang*, Hongbo Fu, Alberto Cannavò, Fabrizio Lamberti, Henry Y K Lau, and Wenping Wang (* denotes the corresponding author.)

   In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2021

   Abs Paper Project

   3D sketching in virtual reality (VR) enables users to create 3D virtual objects intuitively and immersively. However, previous studies showed that mid-air drawing may lead to inaccurate sketches. To address this issue, we propose to use one hand as a canvas proxy and the index finger of the other hand as a 3D pen. To this end, we first perform a formative study to compare two-handed interaction with tablet-pen interaction for VR sketching. Based on the findings of this study, we design HandPainter, a VR sketching system which focuses on the direct use of two hands for 3D sketching without requesting any tablet, pen, or VR controller. Our implementation is based on a pair of VR gloves, which provide hand tracking and gesture capture. We devise a set of intuitive gestures to control various functionalities required during 3D sketching, such as canvas panning and drawing positioning. We show the effectiveness of HandPainter by presenting a number of sketching results and discussing the outcomes of a user study-based comparison with mid-air drawing and tablet-based sketching tools.

2. Anthropometric accuracy of three-dimensional average faces compared to conventional facial measurements

   Zhiyi Shan, Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung,  Congyi Zhang, Juanjuan Ji, Wing Shan Choi, Wenping Wang, Yanqi Yang, Min Gu, and Balvinder S Khambay

   Scientific Reports, 2021

   Paper
3. CVM 2021

   Homography-guided stereo matching for wide-baseline image interpolation

   Yuan Chang,  Congyi Zhang, Yisong Chen, and Guoping Wang

   Computational Visual Media, 2021

   Abs Paper

   Image interpolation has a wide range of applications such as frame rate-up conversion and free viewpoint TV. Despite significant progresses, it remains an open challenge especially for image pairs with large displacements. In this paper, we first propose a novel optimization algorithm for motion estimation, which combines the advantages of both global optimization and a local parametric transformation model. We perform optimization over dynamic label sets, which are modified after each iteration using the prior of piecewise consistency to avoid local minima. Then we apply it to an image interpolation framework including occlusion handling and intermediate image interpolation. We validate the performance of our algorithm experimentally, and show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.

2020

1. IEEE VR 2020

   

   DGaze: CNN-Based Gaze Prediction in Dynamic Scenes

   Zhiming Hu, Sheng Li,  Congyi Zhang, Kangrui Yi, Guoping Wang, and Dinesh Manocha

   IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2020

   Abs Paper Project

   We conduct novel analyses of users’ gaze behaviors in dynamic virtual scenes and, based on our analyses, we present a novel CNN-based model called DGaze for gaze prediction in HMD-based applications. We first collect 43 users’ eye tracking data in 5 dynamic scenes under free-viewing conditions. Next, we perform statistical analysis of our data and observe that dynamic object positions, head rotation velocities, and salient regions are correlated with users’ gaze positions. Based on our analysis, we present a CNN-based model (DGaze) that combines object position sequence, head velocity sequence, and saliency features to predict users’ gaze positions. Our model can be applied to predict not only realtime gaze positions but also gaze positions in the near future and can achieve better performance than prior method. In terms of realtime prediction, DGaze achieves a 22.0% improvement over prior method in dynamic scenes and obtains an improvement of 9.5% in static scenes, based on using the angular distance as the evaluation metric. We also propose a variant of our model called DGaze_ET that can be used to predict future gaze positions with higher precision by combining accurate past gaze data gathered using an eye tracker. We further analyze our CNN architecture and verify the effectiveness of each component in our model. We apply DGaze to gaze-contingent rendering and a game, and also present the evaluation results from a user study.

2. SIGGRAPH ASIA 2020

   

   CPPM: Chi-Squared Progressive Photon Mapping

   Zehui Lin, Sheng Li, Xinlu Zeng,  Congyi Zhang, Jinzhu Jia, Guoping Wang, and Dinesh Manocha

   ACM Trans. Graph., 2020

   Abs Paper Project

   We present a novel chi-squared progressive photon mapping algorithm (CPPM) that constructs an estimator by controlling the bandwidth to obtain superior image quality. Our estimator has parametric statistical advantages over prior nonparametric methods. First, we show that when a probability density function of the photon distribution is subject to uniform distribution, the radiance estimation is unbiased under certain assumptions. Next, the local photon distribution is evaluated via a chi-squared test to determine whether the photons follow the hypothesized distribution (uniform distribution) or not. If the statistical test deems that the photons inside the bandwidth are uniformly distributed, bandwidth reduction should be suspended. Finally, we present a pipeline with a bandwidth retention and conditional reduction scheme according to the test results. This pipeline not only accumulates sufficient photons for a reliable chi-squared test, but also guarantees that the estimate converges to the correct solution under our assumptions. We evaluate our method on various benchmarks and observe significant improvement in the running time and rendering quality in terms of mean squared error over prior progressive photon mapping methods.

2019

1. SMI 2019

   

   Real-time editing of man-made mesh models under geometric constraints

   Congyi Zhang, Lei Yang, Liyou Xu, Guoping Wang, and Wenping Wang

   Computers & Graphics, 2019

   Abs Paper

   Editing man-made mesh models under multiple geometric constraints is a crucial need for product design to facilitate design exploration and iterative optimization. However, the presence of multiple geometric constraints (e.g. the radius of a cylindrical shape, distance from a point to a plane) as well as the high dimensionality of the discrete mesh representation of man-made models make it difficult to solve this constraint system in real-time. In this paper, we propose an approach based on subspace decomposition to achieve this goal. When a set of variables are edited by the user, the proposed method minimizes the residual of the constraint system in a least square sense to derive a new shape. The resulting shape shall comply with the assigned (extrinsic) constraints while maintaining the original (intrinsic) constraints analyzed from the given mesh model. In particular, we extract a meaningful subspace of the entire solution space based on the user’s edits to reduce the order of the problem, and solve the constraint system globally in real-time. Finally, we project the approximate solution back to the original solution space to obtain the editing result.

2. IEEE VR 2019

   

   SGaze: A Data-Driven Eye-Head Coordination Model for Realtime Gaze Prediction

   Zhiming Hu,  Congyi Zhang, Sheng Li, Guoping Wang, and Dinesh Manocha

   IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2019

   Abs Paper Project

   We present a novel, data-driven eye-head coordination model that can be used for realtime gaze prediction for immersive HMD-based applications without any external hardware or eye tracker. Our model (SGaze) is computed by generating a large dataset that corresponds to different users navigating in virtual worlds with different lighting conditions. We perform statistical analysis on the recorded data and observe a linear correlation between gaze positions and head rotation angular velocities. We also find that there exists a latency between eye movements and head movements. SGaze can work as a software-based realtime gaze predictor and we formulate a time related function between head movement and eye movement and use that for realtime gaze position prediction. We demonstrate the benefits of SGaze for gaze-contingent rendering and evaluate the results with a user study.